Hamlet Feminist Approach free essay sample

Before, ladies were viewed as moms and maids, consistently educated to regard, tune in, and serve their spouses or the man of the house. Back then, this was viewed as typical, thusly ladies had no real option except to obey and do as they were told. In Hamlet, Shakespeare depicts a comparative connection among ladies and men. He permits men to hold the higher position, making them treat ladies as lesser individuals and accepted that ladies ought to hear them out and do as they were told. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, ladies are portrayed as frail and agreeable and as devoted and consistent. There are just two female characters in this play †Gertrude; the Queen, and Ophelia; Hamlet’s love intrigue. The two both assume a detached job in the play’s activity, yet they are critical in uncovering the play’s subjects †specifically Hamlet’s sexism. Gertrude intrigues us a lady who is subject to men. We will compose a custom paper test on Hamlet Feminist Approach or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page She lives in the shadow of two lords. Her first spouse †Old Hamlet was killed but â€Å"within a month†, she wedded her brother by marriage, Claudius. Claudius and Gertrude make an improbable couple to a group of people mindful of the former’s misleading. Doubtlessly their marriage is acquired for comfort as opposed to cherish. Gertrude is totally unconscious that the man she wedded is the killer of her first spouse. It has been proposed that Gertrude just wedded Claudius to benefit the state. One would in this way feel she is an adept sovereign †even Claudius says that she is â€Å"The supreme jointress to this war like state. †(Act 1, Scene 2 pg. 10). Be that as it may, Gertrude does little to demonstrate this announcement. She is too powerless to even think about challenging Claudius and is assuredly not his equivalent. Gertrude’s job as the Queen of Denmark is dominated and subverts by Claudius’ double dealing and bad form. Shakespeare utilizes Gertrude to show the fickleness of ladies. There are proposals that Gertrude and Claudius had a relationship in any event, when Old Hamlet was as yet alive. In his monologue, Hamlet communicates his hatred towards his mom â€Å"to present with such ability on perverted sheets. † (Act 1, Scene 2. pg. 11). This is said even before the Ghost shows up and when the Ghost of Old Hamlet shows up, he affirms this †saying that Claudius â€Å"won by vulgar sin, the core of my most appearing to be righteous sovereign. † (Act 1, Scene V. pg. 24). These words not just feature the fickleness and shallowness of Gertrude, however they are additionally significant in communicating Hamlet’s and perhaps Shakespeare’s sexism. Ladies are described in a one dimensional way †they can't live without a man and continually need one in their lives. Gertrude’s â€Å"o’er hurried marriage† to Claudius represents this. Gertrude’s lack of involvement in real life is the thing that permits her to be ruled and constrained by the men throughout her life, yet she is likewise to some degree uninformed and careless in regards to her environmental factors. As per Hamlet, she filled the role of the lamenting widow well †â€Å"she followed my poor father’s body, similar to Niobe, all tears. † (Act 1, Scene 2. pg 11). Notwithstanding, on the grounds that she got over her husband’s demise unexpectedly early, she likewise anticipates that Hamlet should do likewise. As a sovereign, Gertrude is incapable and as a mother, she is uncaring and incognizant in regards to her son’s trouble. She asks Hamlet; â€Å"why appears it so specific with thee? † to which he answers â€Å"seems madam, nay it is, I know not seems†. Gertrude can't comprehend why Hamlet continues with his disheartened manner and concurs with Claudius when he says â€Å"tis unmanly grief†. Gertrude lets her own assessment of Hamlet’s mental state be affected by Claudius. This shows her failure to have an independent mind. She is driven by Claudius and shows no autonomous idea. Gertrude’s job as a caring mother to Hamlet is accordingly; twisted. Doubtlessly she puts her own joys before Hamlet’s government assistance. Be that as it may, Gertrude’s saving grace is her propensity for goodness. She is in no way, shape or form ascertaining †in contrast to her better half and surely her child. None of Gertrude’s activities are planned, so it appears to be somewhat fitting that she passes on drinking from the toxin cup †totally ignorant of that is in it. Through her passing, Gertrude features the situation of ladies inside this disaster †totally dutiful and absolutely careless in regards to the debasement around them. Ophelia, as Gertrude is a lady who is driven and constrained by the men throughout her life. She is portrayed by her sibling Laertes as â€Å"a sweet sister and a sort maid†. Ophelia’s essential job is to feature Hamlet’s distorted perspective on ladies. Ophelia a young ladies, she speaks to how ladies are dealt with. Ophelia complies with a few unique men in the play. Ophelia is sixteen a lot more youthful than Hamlet. Ophelia is a lady who has been instructed to accept and tune in to men, for example, her dad. At the point when she is presently confronted with whether to trust Hamlet or uncertainty his affection for she by and by dismisses her emotions and trusts Hamlet. Hamlet sought after Ophelia, he saw a young lady whom he could fulfill himself with. In the play, Hamlet doesn't court ophelia, the main spot they are together is in Ophelias room He hath, my ruler, generally made tenders Of his fondness to me. (Act 1, Scene 3. pg 17). Hamlet visits her room around evening time and has intercourse to her. Ophelia accepts this is a relationship yet is too youthful to even think about knowing what a genuine relationship is. Hamlet thinks of her letters to cause her to accept that letters are a portrayal of Love. Everything that Hamlet needed from Ophelia he got. She quits having an independent mind and permits men to think for her. She additionally permits Hamlet to have intercourse to her since Hamlet wishes to do as such. This shows a lot of intensity among men. Notwithstanding, to a crowd of people, Ophelia is a totally blameless and loyal young lady. Out of the considerable number of characters in the play, she is the person who cast in the most one dimensional way. Ophelia can possibly be a lamentable courageous woman, to conquer her father’s control and addition Hamlet’s love, however because of her accommodation and congruity, she is just disastrous. Shakespeare utilizes Ophelia to depict the whimsicalness of ladies. As Polonius’ little girl, Ophelia is very devoted. At the point when he advises her not to address Hamlet any longer, she obliges, saying â€Å"I will comply with my lord†. Her naiveté and powerlessness to safeguard herself is obvious when Laertes reveals to her that Hamlet is â€Å"subject to his birth† and therefore alone, she would never be with Hamlet. Ophelia leaves and acknowledges these brutal ‘truths’ in light of the fact that she is just too frail to even think about standing up to any man, or challenge their position. She, as Gertrude, is continually subverted and constrained by the men of the play. There are repeating tones of sexism all through the play and Ophelia’s acknowledgment; joined with Hamlet’s abuse of her exhibits this. Hamlet’s insinuations are lost on Ophelia, who makes them look like innocuous comments, for she realizes that she can't in any way, shape or form censure a lord. In saying that, it leaves us pondering whether she may basically simply be confounded by Hamlet’s abrupt difference in character. He utilizes guttural language when addressing her, saying â€Å"Get thee to a religious shelter, why wouldst thou be a raiser of heathens? † (Act 3, Scene 1. pg 55). This is a horribly hostile comment to the â€Å"sweet and guiltless Ophelia†, however she essentially consents to do as Hamlet advises her. She has no quality of character to hold fast and rather, Ophelia plays a uninvolved and dutiful job. It is eminent that Gertrude †a lady declares Ophelia’s passing, clearing women’s capacity to sympathize with one another. Ophelia executes herself due to the men throughout her life †her dad is dead and her affection for Hamlet is pathetic. She can't work without a man and thusly, is headed to craziness. Gertrude’s elegiacal discourse on Ophelia’s passing features the feebleness of ladies and depicts the distress of her demise. Desserts for the sweet†, she says, as she puts blossoms on Ophelia’s final resting place. Ophelia’s relationship with nature †the blossoms, the willow tree in the lake, all showcase â€Å"a youthful maiden† who was unadulterated, upright and lethally guiltless. The ladies of Shakespeare’s Hamlet are described as powerless and insufficient. They submit to their male partners and are dri ven by them. Both Ophelia and Gertrude are wildly dutiful, as they are constrained by the men in their lives. They assume inactive jobs in the play, yet are critical to uncovering the ostensible character’s twisted perspective on a lady.

Lumber-Room Essay

stumble room The story under examination was composed by Hector Munro, a British author and a short-story essayist. After his parents’ passing he was raised by a grandma and two aunties, one of them was a lady of ungovernable temper, of savage preferences, imperious and an ethical defeatist. She was the last individual who ought to have been responsible for youngsters. The character of the auntie in The Lumber-Room is Aunt Augusta to the life. The story is about a young man Nikolas who lives with his remorseless auntie, sibling and cousins.One day he submits the offense along these lines bringing the discipline upon himself, however he’s not annoyed as he is expected to sneak into the timber room. He plays stunt with his auntie lastly gets into the taboo heaven. The fundamental thought of this story is the contention between unchangeable ordinary reality and verse and scholarly opportunity, between obdurate, punctilious, philistine psyche and idyllic creative mind. The story is a 3-man portrayal entwined with internal contemplations and clear entries. The predominant state of mind is fairly positive, unexpected and profoundly emotional.The message under examination can be isolated into 4 sensibly complete parts. The initial segment can be entitled â€Å"the 1 piece of the plan†. Nickolas isn't going with his little sibling and his cousins to the Jagborough sands as his auntie has rebuffed him for his shocking behavior at breakfast when he wouldn't eat his healthy bread-and milk on the apparently pointless ground that there was a frog in it. The author’s demeanor to the auntie is uncovered with the assistance of the antonomasia â€Å"older and more shrewd and better people† and the over the top descriptive words â€Å"wholesome and frivolous†.Nickolas is appeared as an exceptionally astute and cunning kid for his age. In the accompanying passage the writer resorts to some adademic words, for example, â€Å"alleged†, â€Å"profoundly in error†, â€Å"utmost assurance† and long sentences to cause the peruser to feel the style of aunt’s contemplations and haughty treatment of the youngsters. Aside from Nickolas his auntie is portrayed rather straightforwardly; she’s appeared as fearless and vainglorious individual who can never concede her misstep. Her bogus devotion is delineated by amusing utilization of strict words, for example, â€Å"sin† and â€Å"depravity†.Judicial and military phrasing, for example, â€Å"rigorously debarred†, â€Å"skilled tactician† passes on the strained environment in the auntie and boy’s relations. At the hour of children’s takeoff N drops a couple of not too bad tears. In any case, he isn’t resentful as this is only a piece of his arrangement. The subsequent part can be entitled as â€Å"the 2 piece of the plan†. N is prohibited to go into the gooseberry garden as he’s in d isrespect. Also, his auntie is going to watch out for it. However, N himself feels completely fit for being in disfavor and in the gooseberry garden simultaneously. What's more, with the assistance of the zeugma the writer contributes funny impact in the text.The peruser can follow the resistance between the auntie and the kid, which is again imitated by the military terms, for example, â€Å"sorties†, â€Å"operations†, â€Å"sentry-duty†, â€Å"unauthorized intrusion†. This thought additionally shows up in the distinctive disposition to the gooseberry garden. For auntie it is a prohibited heaven and for N it’s only an insignificant material delight. The graphic entry of the auntie shows her as a lady of barely any thoughts, with colossal intensity of fixation. Along these lines, during N’s auntie obligation, the kid gets the key, which opens the entryway of the timber room. The third part can be entitled â€Å"in the timber room†.N gets into the wood room and everything is new for him. In the main passage we see the reiteration of the word â€Å"it†, which demonstrates Nikolas’s powerful urge to get into the timber room. It was deliberately fixed however this reality simply mixed his interest. With the assistance of the illustration â€Å"unimagined treasure† and portrayal of the wood room (it was faintly lit), the creator makes the baffling environment. Nicholas’s auntie is appeared as rather preservationist and mean as she want to entrust things to residue and soggy to save them and not to spoil.The figurative designation â€Å"living breathing story† is utilized to show that Nickolas was susceptible, innovative, brimming with inventive thoughts with wonderful nature. It is seen in a roundabout way through Nicholas’s disposition to the embroidered artwork picture, which he sees just because yet makes a striking fantasy with an incredible number of little subtleties. Also, the inquiries utilized in this passage demonstrate the powerfully creating plot of the fantasy in the N’s mind. The allegorical designation â€Å"golden minutes† is utilized to show that the time Nickolas spends in the timber room is very precious.When N gets done with the image he sees different objects of joy and intrigue. The incredible number of designations utilized in this part, for example, objects of enjoyment, (guaranteeing his) moment consideration, curious candles, undreamed-of animals and the figurative articulation â€Å"for the eyes to eat on† †accentuates the way that N isn’t used to such irregular things and it makes the restriction to the things in the house, which are â€Å"bare† and â€Å"cheerless†, dull and undefined. The utilization of the exclamatory imprints shows exceptionally enthusiastic condition of the boy.Suddenly, the shout and afterward scream of the auntie originate from the gooseberry garden. In a ny case, N grins as he feels his triumph in the war. Being gifted strategist he reestablishes things to their places, shakes some residue on them, creeps from the room, bolts the entryway and replaces the key precisely where he had discovered it. He walks into the nursery seeing himself as the victor of the fight. The fourth part can be entitled as â€Å"The rebellion†. Nickolas hears his aunt’s voice from the gooseberry garden where she gets into the downpour water tank while looking for him and she can’t get out as the sides are slippery.She requests that he help however he says that he isn’t to go into the nursery and suspects her being the Evil One that entices him to be insubordinate. We see now that Nickolas articulates the aunt’s normal expression and in this way battles her with her own weapon. This thought is demonstrated with the utilizing the illustration â€Å"the detainee in the tank†. Along these lines, the individual who safeg uards the auntie is a kitchemaid. During the night tea there is fearsome quiet. The youngsters are disillusioned with the outing as there was the tide and there was no sands to play on and the allegory reformatory undertaking contributes the condition of the children.The auntie endures the circumstance in the tank and just Nickolas, who is to be in disrespect is fulfilled and considers the continuation of the story envisioned in his psyche while watching woven artwork in the timber room. The story closes again with the direct opposite of unchangeable ordinary reality and verse and scholarly opportunity. All in all this content interests to me as it shows the issues of human instinct and youngsters up-bringing. The auntie is a customary individual who attempts to keep everything all things considered, with no change.She has no happiness in her life and she raises the youngsters in the manner that drives them to a similar demeanor to the world. Yet, disregarding this, N, a youthful ye t incredibly insightful and smart kid, sees the things from the distinctive side. He is exceptionally inquisitive; he appreciates the world and attempts to expand his viewpoint. This issue of childhood is still very intense and the story assists with seeing it from another side. Besides, the creator makes a rich use of various elaborate gadgets which produce unexpected and entertaining impact and assists with scorning such method of up-bringing through the character of the auntie and this makes the story considerably progressively distinctive.

Music Summary Essay Example For Students

Music Summary Essay The perusing permit the peruser to build up a comprehension to how large of an issue was made by Just words. It is clear, thought the numerous things that happened from high schooler magazine covers, record running, disavowed participations, and stock plunges, that John Lemons word had a colossal effect on how The Battles were seen. Later we are demonstrated how despite the fact that he apologized the strict far-right have not pardoned. Still many like David Nobel, are unforgiving as well as enemies of Battles, being that Sullivan states he directed a twenty-one day address voyage through California,warning of the indecencies of the Battles (314) In all giving us that the principle things here is that through John Lemons words, from that point on, The Battles started to be considered as an abhorrent that youthful people should why away from because of the likeliness that the socialist could utilize them to control the psyches of all these youthful people to start mass upset. Further perusing considers currently to realize that Nobel, didn't extravagant The Battles in any capacity by any means. His conviction or his endorsement to the possibility that the Battles are potential apparatuses of a socialist takeover of the United States. Anyway whether this is a willing activity or a reluctant on is something which many appear to differ on. In any case while the Battles might be laced with this conviction, it likewise applies to shake in move when all is said in done. Expressing that through an examination it was demonstrated that the youthful people into he society are being both altered and misused. This is bolstered in the perusing one statement that states Rock and roll has an immediate bearing on misconduct since all delinquents are sincerely shaky; (Nobel, AAA, reference 139, p. 25) ( Sullivan 31 5) However, it tends to be bantered through a contention introduced in the perusing on the off chance that it is all in all correct to state that they Battles are detestable simply because a couple of words. The perusing itself gives understanding in saying that in all the genuine wickedness was awesome, and cap the Battles themselves Just acted like an incredible model for Nobel to use for his Anti-awesome convictions. John Lennox furnished these people with Just what they required overlooked to battle again awesome. The fundamental contention that is shown in the perusing to me is Since the Battles are divine beings to a great many adolescents today, if drugs are in (or considered in) by the Battles, they will be considered in by the young people. For like it or not, whatever the youngsters divine beings authorize the teenagers tend to endorse. (Sullivan 317) In all interfacing that the Battles can cause for Music Summary 3 By Nor-Solaces in the perusing, is said to investigate the possibility that the Battles (perhaps in all awesome) can cause an insurgency, a social upset. In which the way that they can impact the doing of sex and medications that that itself takes into consideration socialist to triumph. N the perusing to encourage the contention that awesome by and large is the difficult we are given Bob Larson he taking all things together, from the perusing bear witness to, is worried about the counter Christian part of awesome. Anyway still an attention on the Battles, since it is expressed, The Battles may have been just incidentally more well known than Jesus, however it was long enough to change the music and ethics of the Western world. (Sullivan 319) in any case, this takes into account the peruser to see the amoun t of an effect both Larson and Nobel appear to thin the Battles were in their contended situation. .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa , .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa .postImageUrl , .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa , .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa:hover , .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa:visited , .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa:active { border:0!important; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa:active , .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u7b271393d5876296b a0bb5caf7388eaa .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u7b271393d5876296ba0bb5caf7388eaa:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Is music a decent instrument for wellbeing? EssayIt seen to be that Sullivan is endeavoring to give us how Nobel concentrated on John Lennox and what he said being the malicious he need to keep from youngsters. From the NY things he distributed plainly his disdain in everything was centered both around the Battles themselves and awesome on the grounds that he accepted awesome completely was degenerate, while there are others whom basically accept that this music can be cleaned and improved. Notwithstanding, this was at that point, presently a considerable lot of those theological rationalists currently contend that the stone they once adored and moved to themselves, is in no way like the stone at this point. This itself can be upheld by where the content states, has transformed from the swinging of Elvis hips and saying, l need you, I need you, I love you, to individuals like Blackleg Lawless going around in his codpiece with a cutting apparatus between his legs singing, l F-U-C-K like a brute. (Berry 1985). (Sullivan 321) In all, many had various perspectives, or methods for dealing with this issue of theirs, for they every represent an alternate thought/see on what time they need the world to become to. Generally speaking, The perusing leaves the peruser addressing if the Battles genuinely put an age of our kin into the medication culture and if there was an impeding impact of the Battles (Sullivan 323) Offering numerous perspectives on the effect, regardless of wheth er fortunate or unfortunate, the Battles made on the nuns populace and whether it very well may be associated with both socialism and underhandedness. Through Nobel, Larson, and the MARC, we are offered numerous instances of people who accept the Battles to be detestable all gratitude to the expression of John Lennox, The Battles > Jesus, and trust them to have the option to degenerate the brains of the young in America, in all making them go to medications and sex in all causing a mass social unrest that they see being driven by the socialist. I certify that I have neither given nor got help from another understudy while setting up this synopsis.

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The Ethics Of An Ethical Leader - 822 Words

The study of ethics is fundamental to leadership effectiveness. Human relationships, our being, and roles in society influence morality by right and wrong, good and evil, or just and unjust actions. As a human relationship, leadership hallmarks power, influence, vision, obligation, and responsibility (Ciulla, 2003). These attributes can undermine or contribute to the success of the ethical and effective leader in education. Power is defined as the capability or ability to direct or influence the behavior of others, or the course of events. Ethical leaders consciously utilize the power that they are given with high regards to the margin of harm or benefit that others or the organization will endure. The vision of an ethical leader creates a clear and distinct direction by which the organization will follow. The mission of an ethical leader sets the path for a thriving organization with succinct and strategic goals. A specific vision of the future is usually tied to a successful and highly respected leader. Leaders have an obligation to communicate the ethical vision throughout the organization. This transference promotes unity, civility, understanding, and trust. Markie (1994) noted that educators are responsible for overlooking the important ethical dimensions of their work. In leadership, there are several interdependent dimensions which guide the practices of the ethical and effective leader. Each dimension of includes self-knowledge, discipline, and moralShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of An Ethical Leader1251 Words   |  6 Pagesherself in the mirror and see an honest, ethical person looking back at them. At the end of the day, my philosophy on ethics is simply Integrity is doing the right thing, even if nobody is watching. By Jim Stovall, American author. What does it mean to be an ethical leader? 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Essay about Mouring in the Victorian Era - 1133 Words

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HND Marketing Principle Assessment

Question: Discuss about the HND Marketing Principle Assessment. Answer: Introduction In this study, the focus is on the marketing of the smart phones and how the companies who are in the manufacturing of smart phones deal with the competitive markets and industry. This study will give a brief description about the two companies that are the leading companies of smart phones: iPhone and Samsung. After analyzing and research on this study, the learners will learn and understand about the concepts and procedure of marketing that takes place in both of the companies (Wilkie, and Moore, 2003). In a business organization, there are many departments to manage the entire work o the marketing of the products and service. The revenues and sales of the company mainly dependent on the activities of marketing takes place in the company (Parasuraman, and Grewal, 2000). So, there is a need to develop a dynamic team for the marketing of the products to ensure the profitability and higher sales. Normally, the multinational companies spend and invest big amount of investment in the marketing activities for their products and services. The report represents the marketing strategy of those big companies like Samsung, iPhone, etc. and their marketing environment (Gummesson, 2005). The study is conducted by using various types of concepts of marketing, methods, approaches, position of the company, marketing mix, etc. there are various contexts for all the companies who are into the production of mobile phones. It becomes very important for companies to analyze the marketing condition before framing of plans and policies. The study will describe about the marketing mix that consist of 7 Ps of iPhone and Samsung. The 7 Ps of both the companies will introduce about the types of products manufactured by both and the difference between the products of both companies (Parasuraman, and Zinkhan, 2002). The distribution is also different of iPhone and Samsung. In this way, the place, price, promotion, physical evidence, people, etc will be mentioned. There are various types of additional elements in the marketing mix that directly or indirectly explain about these companies. The discussions will also be on the marketing orientation approach for the launch of new smart p hone in the market. The macro environment that is the internal and external environment for the smart phones companies will be analyzed. It is through the PESTLE and SWOT analysis that are required to be considered while framing the decisions for the marketing. This report will also conduct an analysis on the marketing segmentation, targeting and positioning for the new smart phone (Summers, 2001). In this part of the report, the discussion will take place on the marketing mix for the two companies that are Samsung and iPhone. In this, this part there is an in-depth discussions on the 4 Ps and well as the extended 7 Ps of marketing. iPhone Samsung Product Development of the products in a way that they can be sustained and compete in the markets and industry of smart phones To sustain the competitive advantage, the iPhone company is using the techniques of product differentiation. It refers to planning of the policies and the procedures that are related to the iPhones offered by the iPhone company. Generally, the decision for the products manufactured by apple are related to the functionality, quality, packaging, branding, after sales service. The product portfolio of Samsung is very vast. They use quantity to sustain in the competitive advantage. They have various types of product categories. The varieties of Samsung phone are available at every price. The biggest benefits for the Samsung are that the customers trust this brand (Gummesson, 2003). There is no such differentiation in any other smart phones and Samsung phones as the soft ware used in this company is very basic and android. The uniqueness is that this company phones are the most selling phones in the entire world due the availably of all the features of smart phones on reasonable rates. Place To provide customer convenience to the customers the companies use very effective and efficient procedures that are mentioned here The place plays a vital role in the distribution of the product. The products of apple are available of the authentic stores and apple stores like imagine. The online purchase of apple products takes place on Snapdeal, Flipkart and Amazon. There are more 500 apple stores in the entire world (Castaldo, Premazzi, and Zerbini, 2010). The distribution of this company is little bit restricted as the smart phones of apple are not available at any store. The company has some restrictions in the distribution of the phones. They have apple store for the customers who have any problems and issue with the phone. The same distribution takes place in Samsung company. The stores and outlets of Samsung phone are amazing and they are also sold at authentic retailer sellers. The phones of Samsung are also available online on many online website like Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal, paytm, etc. The phones of Samsung are made available in the market and the service centers are also there to solve the problems of customers (Parasuraman, and Colby, 2007). Price The prices are set to attract a large group of customers and the prices are set to reflect an organisations objectives and market conditions for both the companies The phones of iPhone do not compromise with their price due to any reason. They do not change the price due to the competition and for any other reasons (Phelps et.al. 2004). The price of iPhone smart phones does not go down due to old model. It is a premium seller and this company does not have any compromise with the products and its prices. The price of this phone is determined by the differentiation, uniqueness, and the features. It is a company that o not believes in the competition with any other company of smart phone in terms of process. Thus the strategies of for the pricing their products are as an inspirational item. The smart phones of apple are the most expensive phones. There is no company that can compete with the prices of this brand. It helps the company in maintaining the brand image and the royalty. There are various types of strategies used by this company. They use various methods of pricing like skimming method in which the high value is transferred to the customers as compared to competitors. The pricing strategy of this company is that once the model is old and any competitor launched the same product, than they drop the price (Balmer, and Greyser, 2006). The company Samsung is just opposite from the apple company because the pricing strategy of this company is to attract more customers through reasonable prices of their smart phones. Promotion Promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives Apple is known as a major marketer for its product and services. There are various ways through which the marketing and promotion of apple products takes place that is through events, press, developers, etc. who sell and promote the products of apple live. They use very easy and effective methods in the advertisement of their products and services. The YouTube of apple has more than 3 million subscribers and it has more than 140 millions views on the video. The last video of apple has more than 1 million views. They try to maintain good relations with their experts who help in publishing of the newspapers and magazines and also review them (Rafiq, and Ahmed, 2000). There are multiple types of promotion used by Samsung. It is a company that attracts the customers through advertisement and pricing strategy. They use strong tactics to push the product into the market. It provides many offers, discount, gifts, etc. to the customers. People The additional elements of the extended marketing mix Apple is famous for its operations, unction and process. This company has many factories that work in a very systematic way to produce all the products and services. They are also famous for the kind of simplicity they follow in their company. It can be easily visible and ultimate sophistication from the website and YouTube videos. If anyone wants to see their process of GUI than the websites architecture can help them to find the same. They try to be very helpful and provide good customer service to their customers (Kay, 2006). The motive of the company Samsung is to satisfy the demand of every people so they manufacture the smart phones in a way that they are reasonable and affordable by all. This is one of the unique elements in the Samsung phones. The kinds of people they hire in their company are very efficient and work with the dedication. The process of manufacturing is available on YouTube. They have a systematic flow of the wok and it s also a very simple company that believes in simplicity. The try to follow a particular tradition t manufacture their smart phones and this is the reason due to which the company is enjoying the position of a leading company. Physical Evidence As discussed in the above description, the apple stores are way better than any other smart phones store. This company has wonderful apple store that has a class and provides the customers a delight while visiting the stores of apple. The website of this company is very smooth and designed in a way that it attracts the customers and appeal to it premium and permanent customers with less of words and more art. The type of services provided by this company is very premium as they are professional and know how to deal their customers across the world. The other extended marketing mix are the dress code, paper work, etc. There are many additional services provided by the Samsung to their customers. They also provide Process Apple is company that is very much known fro their operation and procedures. The company has a very systematic Samsung use effective way to manufacture their products and they have a systematic way to work in the organization (Spurling et.al. 2010.). Marketing proposal Sonic is a new company that was initiated in the 2015. It is just an 18 months old company. The company is trying to launch new smart phones in the market. So it requires various types of marketing techniques to establish a reputed place in the smart phones industry. It is knows as sonic 1000. The market segmentation for these products is very specific as the phones of this company are not very famous (Knight, Madsen, and Servais, 2004). The aim of this company is to target the current telecommunication and smart phone market in which the demand for mart phones is very high and it is increasing with the time. There s a need n the expanded communication, storage facilities, entertainments, etc. the primary marketing objective of this company is to achieve a big amount of sale that is 500000 units in the first year of their launch. So the companys primary objective is to have revenue of up to $ 75 million in its first year of launch. The company is also trying to maintain its loss less than $ 8 million in the first year. In this way, the company is planning to go herd. In the second year, the sonic company is hoping to have revenues more than the last year and to become the records also (Stenbacka, 2001). The current marketing situation The current marketing situation of sonic market share is made due to the customers who prefer to purchase the smart phones of sonic company. They chose to use this device that has entertainment, information storage, telecommunications exchange, etc. to ease the data to day activities of the customers (Vachon, and Klassen, 2006). So the aim of the company and they are looking forward to the needs and demands of the customers. They are trying to put all the features in one phone so that the customers can enjoy using sonic smart phones. They can carry a phone that has all the features that are found in any expensive smart phone. They want that customer do not have to carry different devices with them. The aim is to put all the relevant apps and software in one phone which is smart enough. For such reason, the target of sonic are the business organization, corporations, entrepreneurs, professionals, students, medical users, etc. they are also targeting the house wives a there are special features for the women in the phone (Varadarajan, and Yadav, 2002). Marketing planning process The planning for the marketing of sonic products takes place by using various sources. They are using many types of platforms in the advertising and marketing of the sonic smart phones. They are using brand positioning techniques. In this the sonic company is trying to differentiate the products by positioning sonic as the most convenient, versatile and value added product for both; personal and professional (Creswell, 2013). They are using various types of product development strategy like the sonic 1000 will be sold with a warty of one year. There will be free insurance for the phones. They are also saying that at the end of they launched a better high end model in the market that will be known as sonic 2000. They are also using the logos and brand of sonic to promote and to make the sonic brand familiar with the customers (Zahra, Ireland,and Hitt, 2000). Argue marketing oriented approach for the smart phone product Macro i.e., external (PESTLE) Political Environmental Social Technological Legal Economic Government rules Regulation stability Rules and regulation related to environment Government interventions Culture Trend Change in technology Updated technology Laws Legal obligations Changes in the countrys economy Currency value Strengths The company sonic has an advantage to be innovative and creative for the beginning of its launch as they offer as large number of features on a single gadget. They also provide many types of securities as they run on a Linux operating system. The operating system of sonic 1000 is also priced model than many other models (McDougall, and Oviatt, 2000). The company has an advantage to get benefits of a new venture as it is new company. There are many types of remedies and subsidiaries provided by the government to such kind of companies. Sonic smart phones have a quality that it has all the features that expensive companies smart hone have. In this way, a sonic smart phone has the caliber to capture a big market share in future. The strength of this company is the innovation and creativity used by this company (Li, and Gima, 2001). Weaknesses The major weakness of this company is that sonic 1000 is lacking of brand awareness. The brand promotion and advertisement of this company are not very effective and efficient. They do not have any prominent marketing strategies to promote their products (Shane, and Venkataraman, 2000). Since the company is new to the market, they have to lots of competition due to the poor marketing and branding of the smart phones. The other weakness of this phone is the physical appearance and physical appearance. The appearance of the phone is slightly thicker as compared to the other smart phones (Oviatt, and McDougall, 2005). The weight of the phones is also heavy due to the combination of all the features its phones have. It is the reason due to which company is facing many issues and problems. The fact is that the customers now want a sleek and light weighted phone that looks ice and decent. It is very heavy as compared to other brands phones that are slimmer and lighter with great looks. It is one of the biggest weaknesses of the smart phones manufactured by sonic (Li, and Zhang, 2007). Opportunities The biggest opportunity of this company is that the smart phones of sonic are in high demand since they come to the market as the phones have many functions. The other opportunity with sonic is that this company has the availability of the cost effective technology that is available at lower cost (Gruber, 2004). The smart phones are very reasonable and can be affordable by a medium class people. It has allowed the company to add value to the smart phones by increasing the profits of the company. Threats The major threat for sonic smart phones is the competition. There are many Smartphone producers in the mobile industry due to which the new companies have to face competition. The old companies are established with effective marketing and branding of their products in such situations, it has become difficult for the smart phone companies to establish their business. The market is flooded with the smart phone companies due to which sonic company have to face issues with the pricing of it products (Dess, and Lumpkin, 2005). Sonic company has to reduce the prices to the pricing of other smart phones. It is the only way to cut down the competition present in the mobile industry. Another fact for sonic smart phone company is the minimal product life cycle of the smart phones. This is the reason due to which the company has to add new features, bring innovation and creativity timely. The segmentation for the population of product of sonic are very common there are no specific difference as the company is new to the market and they first have to establish awareness of the smart phones manufactured by them (Stevenson, and Jarillo, 2007). In this way, they can divide their broad customers base into small segments which helps in targeting and brand positioning of sonic products. Behavior segmentation- this type of division divide the population according to the behavior of the customers Benefit segmentation- this type of segmentation is the most fruitful for the companies as it provided various types of benefits to the company itself. Demographic segmentation- it refers to the segmentation in which is the widest segmentation for the company. It refers to age, gender, family, size, occupation, income, race, nationality, etc. Psychographic segmentation- it is related to the lifestyle, activities, interests, opinions, etc of the market segment. Targeting and positioning For the positioning of the brand, sonic used differentiation in their products as it is one of the convenient way to specify the product. It also helps in developing high vale, versatility and convenience to both the customers as well as producers. The brand positioning takes place by analyzing the demands of the customers and try to fulfill them in the bet way. Marketing mix in different concepts 7 Ps for both customers and business markets Product strategy- The product strategy of this company is that they sold sonic 1000 at a warranty of one year. They are using various types of product development strategy like the sonic 1000 will be sold with a warty of one year. There will be free insurance for the phones. They are also saying that at the end of they launched a better high end model in the market that will be known as sonic 2000. They are also using the logos and brand of sonic to promote and to make the sonic brand familiar with the customers. Pricing strategy- The pricing strategy of this phone is very effective as they use basic pricing methods for the sonic smart phones. The sonic 1000 will be introduced at the price of $ 150 that is the whole sale price of the hone. The retail price for the same phone is $ 199. But at the time of launch the pricing of the sonic 1000 was $ 175 wholesale for per unit. Place- Sonic Company intends to use very selective and particular distribution strategy in their company. The strategy of the company is to distribute the phones only at well known, reputed and online stores. The motive behind this is to manage the value of the phone in the eyes of customers. It will help the company to use particular media to reach to their customers People- The motive of the company sonic are to satisfy the demands of every people due to this they manufacture the smart phones in a way that they are reasonable and affordable by all. This is one of the unique elements in the sonic phones. The kinds of people they hire in their company are very efficient and work with the dedication. They have a systematic flow of the wok and it s also a very simple company that believes in simplicity (Shepherd, Douglas, and Shanley, 2000). Physical evidence- The Company has much evidence like they have data, information, dress code, customers feedbacks, etc as the physical evidence. Process- The type of procedure used by this company is very much effective. Application of marketing mix while new product launched in international markets At the time of launch of the product of sonic phones the company analyzed its various internal and external factors ha can emphasize the product. There is an analysis of all the 4 Ps of the company as well as the extended 7 Ps of sonic company. It has helped the company is identifying the success of the company in the future (Castaldo, Premazzi, and Zerbini, 2010). Conclusion The conclusion of the present study is that marketing of the smart phones has become very important due to the fact that there is a huge competition in the smart phones industry. There are not only multinational companies who are manufacturing smart phones but also many small companies how provide equal competition. In order to remain in the race of smart phones, the company le apple also has to develop strong marketing and advertisement of their company. In this report, we have studied various factors that impact the organizations internal and external environment. In his way there were also discussions on the smart phones like apple and Samsung that are the leading companies in the smart phone. From this study it becomes very clear that marketing management plays a vital role in the promotion of the companies. The companies have to maintain a good marketing strategy in their organization. It can be done through analysis of mart and marketing factors that influence the working of th e companies. We have studies about the marketing mix of apple and Samsung from which an in-depth about the companies has received. From this report, it becomes clear that it is not easy for a new company to start their business in such competitive environment for the smart phone industry. Hence, there is a requirement to identify and analyze the environment of smart phone industry. 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Information from pharmaceutical companies and the quality, quantity, and cost of physicians' prescribing: a systematic review. PLoS Med, 7(10), p.e1000352. Stenbacka, C., 2001. Qualitative research requires quality concepts of its own. Management decision, 39(7), pp.551-556. Stevenson, H.H. and Jarillo, J.C., 2007. A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management. In Entrepreneurship (pp. 155-170). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Summers, J.O., 2001. Guidelines for conducting research and publishing in marketing: From conceptualization through the review process. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(4), pp.405-415. Vachon, S. and Klassen, R.D., 2006. Extending green practices across the supply chain: the impact of upstream and downstream integration. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 26(7), pp.795-821. Varadarajan, P.R. and Yadav, M.S., 2002. Marketing strategy and the internet: an organizing framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(4), pp.296-312. Wilkie, W.L. and Moore, E.S., 2003. Scholarly research in marketing: Exploring the 4 eras of thought development. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 22(2), pp.116-146. Zahra, S.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hitt, M.A., 2000. International expansion by new venture firms: International diversity, mode of market entry, technological learning, and performance. Academy of Management journal, 43(5), pp.925-950.

6. “It Is More Important to Discover New Ways of Thinking free essay sample

Developing new ways of thinking about what we already know is very important as it helps us to develop a better understanding of that which we already know so to some extent the above statement is true. However it is as significant to discover new data or facts. In fact these two concepts go hand in hand; it is because of some discoveries that we knew when they first came to light that we have something we call existing knowledge to think about and sometimes it is through trying to develop new ways of thinking about a certain issue without a solution that we finally decide it is best to find a new explanation or concept of looking at it. A student who goes from lower to higher school both learns new and advanced ways of thinking about the information they have gathered in previous grades as well as some new data they have never come across before which further stresses that both concepts are important. We will write a custom essay sample on 6. â€Å"It Is More Important to Discover New Ways of Thinking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We cannot learn everything at once nor can we know all sbout those things we know, which is why both developing what we already know and leaarning some new things are equally important. In some cases one may find that discussing and thinking about what we already know but in a new clearer way can help us reach a conclusion whereas if we had chosen to discover new facts about it instead, our horizon of confusion would have been broadened and we find ourselves with yet another mystery to solve. A good example of a case like this is death. Unless someone dies and comes back and tells us exactly what happens after death, no one can ever really know what happens. Any information we all have of life after death is based on assumptions that is if there is even life after death. Discovering new facts about the so called life after death isn’t but going to cause even more confusion, so really in my view I would say it is rather best that one sticks to the knowledge and believe they have over this issue, and if anything, find new ways of thinking about instead of creating yet another confusing phenomena based on assumptions. But such fields as Science motivate constant discovery of new knowledge because this is one area of knowledge where falsification is the only method used to prove the theories because we cannot verify, in other words prove a Scientific theory to be true in any way but we can pfove it fo be wrong. In this case it is clear then that in Science it is more important to discover new facts or data than to think about that which we already have as we need new discoveries to falsify old theories. However sometimes it may be thinking hard and deep into a scientific theory that makes one see fault in it as a result make new discoveries in which case both thinking of something in a new way and making new discoveries would have been equally important. We can for instance look into the famous example of the falsification of Newton’s theory of gravitation by Einstein’s theory of relativity. Einstein like all other Scientists of that time saw nothing wrong with Newton’s model until a crisis came when Newton’s theory of gravity failed to account for the behavior of light. Obviously this had to be a result of scientists thinking of new ways of applying Newton’s model. No one expected the negative outcome they came out with but it was negative and the Scientists were faced with a dilemma they had to solve. That it is when Einstein invented his theory of relativity, a whole new theory, which could work even for those discoveries that Newton’s model failed to. In any case, the point is to show that finding new ways to think of something can actually lead to the discovery of new information which in turn gives us something new to think about and in new ways if we please. Living only by developing things we already know would be depriving ourselves off so much knowledge. Had the people who lived before our generation decided they wanted to live only on what they knew, there would be so much we do not know. Generations like that of Newton or Einstein, generations like that of Priestley or Lavoisier who made discoveries about oxygen and those of people who learned the word of God and passed it on from generation to generation till the bible was written we would not have the knowledge we have today. And the knowledge does not end there and like the paradigm shifts suggest, there will always be new information, new theories and new ways of thinking as the world revolves that will override the current theories but should we decide to live only by the data that already exists, we may find that we are making experiments with 90% errors all the time.

Digital Television Essays - Digital Television, Television

Digital Television Essays - Digital Television, Television Digital Television Digital Television On November 1, 1998 computer companies, television makers, broadcasters, and program suppliers have made a transition from analog to digital television. When the FCC passed a law forcing the networks to change from an analog broadcast to a digital broadcast, all the above mentioned industries have been scrambling to get a jump on their competition. The picture and sound qualities of digital TV broadcasts are the best on Earth. However, at this moment cost remains a big problem. You can spend anywhere from $6,000 to $10,000 at the present time (Booth 80). Once the cost is driven down over the next few years, the average citizen will be able to experience the advantages of digital TV. Digital TV will allow for a wider screen display, like those screens in movie theaters, and a sharper picture. What causes this perk is the fact that digital signals have a higher bit rate. This allows for more bits to be transmitted into the TV (cable, antenna, or satellite). The more bits a TV can transmit, the better the picture or screen resolution. The digital TV signal can carry as many as 19.4 megabits of data, which means a broadcaster can mix multiple programs of varying bit sizes onto a single channel. Say youre watching a football game, since one camera view only uses up so many bits, you can select a different camera angle while watching the same game on the same channel. It is possible for a network, like NBC, to show two different programs at the same time on the same channel. Conceivably, if the president in on, you can watch regular scheduled programming. With the introduction of the digital TV, the introduction of WebTV is upon us. One will be able to surf the internet through the television instead of using their computer. That is how the computer industry is involved in the digital TV. What companies like Sony and Microsoft hope to do is combine the TV and PC into one unit. They believe they can diminish the lines between consumer electronics and computers. Ultimately, both companies would like to make things more convenient and interface both industries. This will force computer companies and television makers to get on the ball and compete with these two corporate giants. What will the transition to digital TV be like? Like any new radical product transition, the changeover will take some time. There will be the people who will adopt early and pay the high prices to get the first sets. There will be varying degrees of value. Some people will buy the movie screen type display with the 16x9 aspect ratio. Others may want a digital TV with the screen size ratio we have now. That will allow for a drastically sharper image. Some will want the DTV-ready box. This is a converter box you set on top of your current TV, and it will change the image to a sharper digital image. This could give you an extra 10 years out of the TV you currently own. The industry is flexible in learning how to merchandise a mix of changing products. Theyve done it hundreds of time before and will certainly do it again. One example is the introduction of the audio compact disk. On November 1, 1998 the era of digital TV began. It isnt available nationwide yet. The current markets include the 12 largest cities in the U.S., where 30 DTV stations began airing DTV programs on new channels assigned by the FCC. Come next spring, 15 more stations in another 11 cities will hit the airwaves. This will extend the coverage to about four of every ten American TV households. Here is what the FCC hopes to accomplish: nationwide coverage by 2003. During the year 2006, the FCC hopes to discontinue analog broadcasts all together (Booth 78). That goal isnt set in stone since many other factors will come into play, many of them being political. What turns on TV sets is programming that people want to watch. During the analog era, viewers have tolerated ghosts and snow in order to watch their must see TV. Americans only want the best available equipment and digital TV is available now. The average

The Significance Of Financial Literacy Skills Essay

The Significance Of Financial Literacy Skills - Essay Example With my intended motive of pursuing a major in accounting, the first and basic requirement is to develop my language peculiar to suit the subject for easy communication and achievement of organizational goals. Developing financial literacy is important in exploring the discipline of accounting which involves language and communication. Many educational institutions and curriculum setting boards such as the  New Zealand Curriculum  attach great importance to literacy skills and they mainly emphasize on literacy development. Some of the learning outcomes for accounting students in New Zealand include the acquisition of accounting specialist vocabulary; ability to read and understand accounting text and terms; ability to communicate ideas and knowledge using accounting language; and ability to listen and read critically, and assess the value of what one hears or reads. Accounting has its own specialist terms and vocabulary which are used to disseminate accounting-specific knowledge.   For instance, company financial statements tell the story of any business using numbers and they substitute words. As a result, accounting is defined as the global language of business. For this reason, literacy development is important in reading and understanding accounting theories and concepts successfully from almost every part of the world. For example, the use of accounting language by students encourages increased competency and confidence in written, oral, and visual literacy activities. Additionally, understanding accounting language avoids confusion that may arise from accounting categories of words that could have different meanings in other subjects. Through accounting literacy development, students can manage to avoid misunderstandings when using everyday life words within the accounting context. A good example is the word capital. When used in the everyday context of a capital city, the meaning refers to the largest city.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Earnings Misstatements Research Paper

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Earnings Misstatements - Research Paper Example The Fraud This section describes the business activities of Fannie and Freddie before the fraud occurred. Since the 1990s, lenders have been increasingly using automated underwriting systems (AUSs), a technology that changed the mortgage industry (DiVenti, 2009, p.236). These systems executed underwriting criteria and statistical algorithms to foresee the default likelihood of loan applications (DiVenti, 2009, p.236). GSEs became industry leaders in the growth and adoption of these systems, which they used to appraise their loan purchases. Fannie Mae’s system, Desktop Underwriter, and Freddie Mac’s system, Loan Prospector, significantly decreased the expenses and time linked with loan approvals (DiVenti, 2009, p.236). In 2000, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac broadened their procurements to comprise â€Å"Alt-A,† A-minus, and subprime mortgages, aside from private-label mortgage securities (Blackburn & Vermilyea, 2010, p.5). In order to expand their mortgage purchases, Fannie Mae used the Expanded Approval system and Freddie Mac enlarged its Loan Prospector system to contain risk-based pricing (DiVenti, 2009, p.236). ... ly, Fannie and Freddie bought, packaged, securitized, and re-traded residential mortgages into mortgage-backed securities, with an assurance that the principal and interest payments would be paid to investors, thus, making a profit from the disparity between the sales price of the mortgage-backed securities and their first cost of funding (Bonander, 2013, p.843). Since 2004, Fannie and Freddie abandoned their stern underwriting standards and started to purchase and guarantee subprime mortgages, while also investing in subprime-mortgage-backed securities (Bonander, 2013, p.844). They bought more than $434 billion of subprime mortgages from 2004 to 2006 (Bonander, 2013, p.844). Their greatest purchase occurred from 2004 to 2005, when altogether they bought â€Å"$175 billion (44% of the market) and $169 billion (33% of the market) of subprime-mortgage-backed securities, respectively† (Bonander, 2013, p.844). In 2006, lax standards and actions affected Fannie and Freddie, when th e housing bubble burst, thereby pushing them to insolvency (Bonander, 2013, p.844). The problems of Fannie and Freddie are not over yet though. In 2003, Freddie revealed that it used unacceptable accounting practices to inflate its earnings. The Office of Federal Housing Enterprise (OFHEO), its regulator during this time, discovered that the company had â€Å"misstated earnings by $5 billion between 2000 and 2003† (DiVenti, 2009, p.237). Freddie underreported its earnings, however, which is the â€Å"interesting† part of the fraud (DiVenti, 2009, p.237). The OFHEO investigated Fannie Mae too, where it learned in 2004 that Fannie overstated earnings â€Å"between 2000 and 2003 by $6.3 billion† (DiVenti, 2009, p.237). OFHEO discovered significant accounting, disclosure, and management concerns that

Compare and Contrast 1984-Brave New World Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast 1984-Brave New World Essay â€Å" Do you see, then, what kind of world we are creating? † (Orwell, 1950 p. 267)George Orwell, author of 1984 released in 1950, present the idea of a society that proves to be a dystopia as it is completely based on fear and rarely does one see happiness while in the other hand, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World presents the idea of a functional utopia were feelings are destroyed and no one is unhappy because they don’t know happiness but all this could change by the hands of one outcast. These two societies ruled in different ways-one through fear and the other through psychological and physical manipulation- present successful ways to maintain order and power, although they differ greatly and outcasts have different aims and uses. In a society where fear is predominant, physical and mental capacities reach a stagnant state as the will to survive and loyalty become predominant. In a different society where men are created to the liking of their rulers and are controlled with drugs instead of fear, the meaning of a utopia can disappear but yet subjects will think everything is perfect. Finally a sense of false equality, manipulation, and fear allow total and utter control. In societies like the ones depicted in these two books, nothing is perfect and nothing is true. Members of these communities cannot know what is true because this will make them become dangerous to their leaders. The use of fear in 1984 and the idea of Big Brother facilite control as the idea of constant surveillance and Thought Police puts everything a member of this society does to the test and when they make a false move, they know they are done for. The scene where Winston talks about two plus two not being for or if Gravity is a force that works really depicts the kind of fear installed by the party. â€Å"The heresy of heresies was common sense. And what was terrifying was not only that they would kill you for thinking otherwise, but that they might be right. For, after all, how do we know that two and two make four? Or that the force of gravity works? † (Orwell, 1950 p. 80). As explained by the quote, doubting whatever the party said could end up in negative ramifications. It is incredible how people can adjust to these changes. Things that seem so simple be questioned and believed, which is even worse. The mutability of the party’s adherents is astonishing as they change whenever the part needs them to follow the most ridiculous ideas as if they were normal and all of this is achieved through fear. Winston also mentions the fact that your mind can fail you. â€Å"The most deadly danger of all was talking in your sleep. There was no way of guarding against that, so far as he could see. † (Orwell, 1950 p. 64). Even thinking erroneously about the parties flaws and going against their ideas can be lethal as sleep talking cannot be controlled and can always be heard. The third example of fear and its installment in Winston’s mind is when he receives the letter from Julia. â€Å"One, much the more likely, was that the girl was an agent of the Thought Police (†¦) the thing that was written on the paper might be a threat, a summon, an order to commit suicide, a trap of some description. (Orwell, 1950 p. 106). This displays how fear can make something normal seem completely hazardous and how reliance on others can be purged as you do not know what to expect from anyone. Even though people may be unhappy, this demonstrates to be successful as no one goes against the status quo. In contrast to 1984, Brave New World doesn’t need fear since if they want change, they create new beings to change or just bring out soma but still, control is maintained. Physical and psychological manipulation gives a sense of order even though it is non-existent, and drug use maintains a false control that seems alright to everyone inside that sphere however, when someone notices this false control, he will become a problem. In Huxley’s Brave New World, which is supposed to be a Utopia, equality is not present and this is what a utopia is supposed to be about. Within the social classes, the top ones still think of the lower ones as useless and basically inferior. Lenina demonstrates this through the following quote. â€Å"What a hideous colour khaki is,† remarked Lenina, voicing the hypnopaedic prejudices of her caste. † (Huxley, 1946, p. 42). This quote demonstrates that even messages coming from the government promote separatist ideas and at the same time they promote equality. Drug use and psychological manipulation allows this to maintain epsilons happy with how they are, also maintaining absolute control over society. Hypnopaedia as seen before, doesn’t always promote the values of a Utopia as it should. Another hypnopaedic message demonstrating this is â€Å"Every one works for everyone else. We can’t do without any one. Even Epsilons are useful. We couldn’t do without Epsilons. Every one works for everyone else. We can’t do without anyone. † (Huxley, 1946, p. 50). The use of Soma is a very important factor as it is a way of escaping the reality of a supposed utopia that in reality is everything but a utopia. â€Å"Why you don’t take soma when you have these dreadful ideas of yours. You’d forget all about them. And instead of feeling miserable, you’d be jolly. So jolly,† she repeated and smiled (†¦)† (Huxley, 1946, p. 62). It is very important to realize how this method of control still proves to be successful and allows organization for the government to preserve. Whether it’s installing fear, secret organizations, and complete surveillance or actually creating subjects, it is evident that both methods are thriving as they sustain order and undemanding management of society. Winston, who was the soul and heart of change in 1984 , ended up failing and the idea, person, or whatever Big Brother is, who he hated the most actually ended up taking over him and it is mentioned in the novel. He won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. † (Orwell, 1950 p. 268) The only man who was capable of causing change and denouncing the artificiality his government was based on. Fear has now proved to be a functioning method of control. In comparison to Brave New World, the outsider and only man capable of making others realize the lie they lived in ended up killing himself. â€Å"Slowly, very slowly, like two unhurried compass needles, the feet turned towards the right; north, north-east, east, south-east, south, south-south- west; then paused, and, after a few seconds, turned as unhurriedly back towards the left. South-south-west, south, south-east, east.. † (Huxley, 1946 p. 176) This also verifies the effectiveness of this method and according to this, both men failed to change the status quo. By the end of both novels, no change was made and both fear and manipulation proved to be effective ways of maintaining control. As the predominance of both fear and manipulation grow, methods of changing society and its governance method become scarce and even those who go to extremes find themselves with unfeasible situations where physical and mental capacity will be pushed to new limits but yet, not enough to revolutionize their societies. This is mainly due to most of those who have been subjected and accepted the reality in which they live in, which is what both Winston and John go through but their ways to accept it, were vastly different. Even though there are some with strong minds and others who have not been toyed with, it will never be enough to fight fear nor manipulation of the human being.

Comparing Culture in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Pride and Prejudic

Culture in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Pride and Prejudice, and Neuromancer America was formed on the basis of culture. Many different cultural backgrounds flocked to this one area and in the process many existing cultures were destroyed, while the new influx of humanity meshed to create an American culture. This constant flow of cultures from all over the world has kept the American culture in a state of flux. Each historical period has presented its classical viewpoint of American culture through the eyes of its most accomplished authors. There are narratives about clashes of cultures, presentations of cultures and even some focused on teaching a culture. The narratives provide a glimpse into an era that may no longer exist. To understand the effect of narrating one must comprehend its make-up. Essentially there is a three-layer distinction in a narrative-- the text, story and fabula. The simplest component of a narrative is the fabula. A fabula can clearly be exemplified by a comic strip in which each box represents a new event in a chronological sequence. Many times a narrative is presented with no obvious order of events. An excellent example of this is Leslie Silko's novel, Ceremony. The main character, or as Mieke Bal describes it in her book Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative, the actor, narrates his life by jumping from his childhood to the present, back to the past and finally ending in the present. In addition to this, Bal, defines the text of a narrative as "a finite structure . . . composed of language signs" (5). Using this definition, one could again feel free to use a comic strip as an example of a narrative, but in reality a narrative is much more complicated. Using the d istinct stru... ...ader with an opportunity to experience a culture that no longer exists, or is yet to come. A look at the layout of classical narratives from the beginning of America to the present describes and relives the lives of so many individuals. In providing this glimpse into the past or the future, narratives shape the readers perspective of that time period, leaving the reader with a specific viewpoint on the history of American culture. Works Cited Austin, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Washington Square Press Book, 1960. Bal, Mieke. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985. Gibson, William. Neuromancer. New York: Ace Books, 1984. Sawyer, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Airmont Books, 1962. Silko, Leslie Marmon. Ceremony. New York: Penguin Books, 1977.

Counseling African Americans Essay

Sue and Sue’s Chapter 14 Counseling African Americans spends a great deal of effort exploring cultural particulars and corresponding clinical implications while working with African Americans; factors such as family dynamics, educational orientation, spirituality, and the pressures and stress of racism and marginalization. This offered me perspective through a lens much broader than my own somewhat narrow, predominantly white, and fairly privileged way of relating to the world. Before understanding culturally appropriate interventions, one must have an understanding of the cultural context or the cultural word of an individual. For me, this first means that differences must be noted, either literally in relationship with the African American client or simply as a clinical observation I make on my own. Of course the difference in the two will depend on the client, context, and general relevancy in the moment. In my own experience, noting racial difference aloud with a client has been most helpful in that it gives permission for the potentially â€Å"taboo† topic of race and differences to be considered, brought into the space at a later time, and even into the forefront of consciousness. Apart from the explicit therapeutic relationship, noting difference is a personal reminder that I am no expert on anyone’s experience but my own, I may make mistakes (and probably will), I should steer clear of assumptions, it’s ok to be curious, and to do my homework. Once a general understanding of differences is established, then one can begin to consider appropriate therapeutic interventions. Let’s take the issue of racism and discrimination; the byproduct of these atrocities oftentimes manifests as defense and survival mechanisms in Black Americans. Which can lead to a general mistrust or as it’s stated (by Sue and Sue) a â€Å"healthy cultural paranoia†, as a way of coping. This mistrust can be of individuals, entire races of people, the government, social service providers†¦ With this in mind, it’s important to determine what the client’s feelings and understandings about therapy are. To touch base and explain what kind of therapy I engage in, how it can be helpful to them, and what can be expected of our time together. Hopefully this will help to assuage uneasy feelings of fear of the unknown or mistrust, as well as set up a foundation for a healthy therapeutic alliance. Although Sue and Sue’s Afrocentric perspective can be helpful it can also simultaneously be viewed as reductive. It’s important not to discount individual differences by universalizing traits of African Americans. Self cannot be defined as a unitary concept evolving from a single defining variable, such as race or gender (Williams, 1999). For instance, not all women are nurturing, caring, and relational. Similarly, not all African Americans possess an African ethos of communalism or spirituality. Race, class, sexual orientation, and gender are all complex interactive components that make up the self. To approach a client through the lens of only one of these variables, means potentially silencing a central component of their identity. Additionally, it is also necessary to consider an internal state without regard to the social demands of each variable. Collectively, these considerations can aide to a more holistic view when working with African American clients. Part Two After spending a year in practicum at the SF county jail, I feel as though I’ve had a fairly decent introduction to working with African American females. When I began practicum I had had very little training in diversity or cross-cultural counseling. Turns out that a year in the jail was one large training in diversity and cross-cultural counseling! Now I’m able to pin my personal experience against the readings and gauge my success as a culturally competent therapist. When assessing my strengths, I find that I possess a keen and tremendously empathic understanding of how the stress of racism, sexism, and oppression can manifest in African American women. Oftentimes the byproduct of this stress is what brings the individual to jail. As a clinician, I can confidently say that I am able to enter the therapeutic relationship with a greater capacity for empathy because of this understanding and build a strong alliance as an ally as well as a therapist. I’m not afraid to make mistakes and have no attachment to being â€Å"right†; these qualities will only support me as a clinician. In addition, my upfront demeanor and willingness to self-disclose have had a remarkable impact on the therapeutic relationship. My empathy is strongly with women and their plight of identifying and addressing all the â€Å"isms† that stand between them and equality, wholeness, and health. Frequently, those â€Å"isms† are at the hands of men and I certainly have a bias towards this, and towards men in general. It’s no accident that I spent an entire year of practicum working solely with women; although it wasn’t a conscious choice, I believe on some level I chose not to work with men. I have incredible biases towards men as perpetrators and oppressors and men and their privilege, African American men as well as Caucasian. These biases keep me terrified at the thought of working with male clients. I imagine heaps and heaps of countertransference between male clients and myself; countertransference that is full of pain and rage. I’m not sure that I have much to offer men inside the therapeutic space. I don’t believe this to be my â€Å"final answer†, I just know that I have some work to do around my relationship with men before I make the leap of working with them in such sacred space. Essentially, it all comes down to two core qualities- and they are humility and flexibility; humility in all that I think I know and the flexibility to shift or discard that knowledge. My experience of working with, knowing, and reading about African American culture, difference, and oppression may or may not serve me as a therapist at any given moment. What works for and makes sense in the context of Client A, may not be so for Client B, and vise versa. Although it is crucial to have fundamental knowledge of the legacy of oppression against African American people and to consider factors such as interdependence, collectivism, and emotional vitality as presumed long- standing black personality traits, I must also be able to draw connections between those factors and the individual experience- much like the womanist techniques mentioned in Carmen Braun Williams’ article African American Women, Afrocentrism and Feminism: Implications for Therapy. As a therapist, I am responsible for guiding and supporting the client in making the shift from object to subject; transferring ownership of self from one whose self is externally determined to one who is self- determining (Freire, 1990). And practice practice practice, with an open heart, ears, and mind. References Braun Williams, C. (1999). African American women, afrocentrism and feminism: Implications for therapy. Women & Therapy, Vol. 22(4) 1999. Freire, P. (1990). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum. Sue, D. & Sue, D. (2008). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice, Chapter 14.